Linux 升级内核方法
一、升级内核简述
在生产环境中我们时常会遇到升级内核的场景,主要用于解决低版本内核的BUG或者为了支持业务新特性等。
1.1 查看Linux内核版本方法
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# cat /proc/version Linux version 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Mon Jul 16 16:29:36 UTC 2018 [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# uname -a Linux 10-27-0-224 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jul 16 16:29:36 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux (显示系统名、节点名称、操作系统的发行版号、操作系统版本、运行系统的机器 ID 号) [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 (当前操作系统内核版本信息)
1.2 查看Linux系统版本
#当前操作系统内核版本信息 [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 # 适合Redhat系的Linux [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core) [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# cat /etc/issue CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core) Kernel \r on an \m
二、升级方法
2.1 YUM安装
(1)查看当前可用内核
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# yum list kernel
(2)安装kernel yum源
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org # 导入key [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm #安装yum源
(3)查看可用内核
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# rpm -qa | grep kernel #方法一 kernel-debug-devel-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-devel-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-abi-whitelists-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.noarch kernel-tools-libs-devel-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-lt-5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-doc-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.noarch kernel-debug-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-headers-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-tools-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64 [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available #方法二 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo-kernel: iad.mirror.rackspace.com Available Packages elrepo-release.noarch 7.0-5.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-doc.noarch 5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 5.12.13-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 5.12.13-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 5.12.13-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 5.12.13-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 5.12.13-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 5.12.13-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.12.13-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel perf.x86_64 5.12.13-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel python-perf.x86_64 5.12.13-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
(4)升级内核操作
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# yum install kernel-* #方法一 [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml-devel kernel-ml #方法二
(5)查看内核个数
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# grep "menuentry " /boot/grub2/grub.cfg menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64.debug) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-5f46dcbf-57ca-44c0-9843-c2cbd30da1dc' { menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-5f46dcbf-57ca-44c0-9843-c2cbd30da1dc' { menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-5f46dcbf-57ca-44c0-9843-c2cbd30da1dc' { menuentry 'CentOS Linux 7 Rescue 8d1fcbed219ea3264af0402615579c5a (3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-5f46dcbf-57ca-44c0-9843-c2cbd30da1dc' {
(6)查看当前优先启动内核
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# grub2-editenv list saved_entry=CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
(7)通过设置默认启动来回退内核版本
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg 0 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64.debug) 7 (Core) 1 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) 2 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) 3 : CentOS Linux 7 Rescue 8d1fcbed219ea3264af0402615579c5a (3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64)
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# grub2-set-default 2 #设置默认优先启动的内核 [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg #更新配置文件
2.2 RPM安装
(1)CentOS内核下载网址
http://vault.centos.org/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/kernel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.rpm
http://vault.centos.org/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.rpm
(2)第三方内核下载地址
https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/
(3)下载并安装内核
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# wget https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-lt-5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# rpm -ivh kernel-lt-5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
(4)查看当前内核列表
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg 0 : CentOS Linux (5.4.128-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core) 1 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64.debug) 7 (Core) 2 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) 3 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) 4 : CentOS Linux 7 Rescue 8d1fcbed219ea3264af0402615579c5a (3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64)
(5)指定默认从新内核启动
[root@10-27-0-224 ~]# grub2-editenv list saved_entry=CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# grub2-set-default 0 [root@10-27-0-224 ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg # 卸载老内核 yum remove kernel-3.10.0-1160.25.1.el7.x86_64 -y
作者:UStarGao
链接:https://www.starcto.com/application_of_operational/172.html
来源:STARCTO
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